Financial Ratios Every Business Owner Should Monitor
Financial Ratios Every Business Owner Should Monitor
Numbers tell the story of your business. These key financial ratios help you understand what's really happening.
Profitability Ratios
Gross Profit Margin
Formula: (Revenue - COGS) / Revenue × 100
What it measures: How much profit you make on each sale before operating expenses
Good benchmark: Varies by industry
- Retail: 20-50%
- Service: 50-90%
- Manufacturing: 25-35%
Net Profit Margin
Formula: Net Income / Revenue × 100
What it measures: Bottom-line profitability
Good benchmark: 10%+ is generally healthy
Liquidity Ratios
Current Ratio
Formula: Current Assets / Current Liabilities
What it measures: Ability to pay short-term obligations
Good benchmark: 1.5-2.0
- Below 1.0: Liquidity problems
- Above 3.0: Inefficient use of assets
Quick Ratio
Formula: (Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities
What it measures: Immediate liquidity without selling inventory
Good benchmark: 1.0 or higher
Efficiency Ratios
Accounts Receivable Turnover
Formula: Annual Revenue / Average A/R
What it measures: How quickly you collect payments
Good benchmark: Higher is better
- Calculate average collection period: 365 / A/R Turnover
Inventory Turnover
Formula: COGS / Average Inventory
What it measures: How quickly you sell inventory
Good benchmark: Varies by industry
- Grocery: 15-20
- Retail clothing: 4-6
- Auto dealers: 6-8
Leverage Ratios
Debt-to-Equity Ratio
Formula: Total Debt / Total Equity
What it measures: Financial leverage and risk
Good benchmark:
- Below 1.0: Conservative
- 1.0-2.0: Moderate
- Above 2.0: Aggressive
How to Use These Ratios
- Calculate monthly to spot trends
- Compare to industry benchmarks
- Track changes over time
- Investigate significant variations
- Use for strategic decisions
Getting the Data
Most ratios require:
- Accurate, up-to-date bookkeeping
- Properly categorized transactions
- Regular financial statements
- Industry comparison data
Dashboard Monitoring
Set up a dashboard to track:
- Current ratio
- Gross profit margin
- Net profit margin
- Days sales outstanding
- Cash runway
SmartBooks Accounting provides monthly financial ratio reports with industry comparisons. Let us help you make data-driven decisions.